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Also known by their scientific name, Capsicum annuum, chili peppers are a type of nightshade vegetablenative to North and South America. There are many different chili pepper plant varieties, each of which differs in size, shape and spiciness. Bell peppers, for example, are typically sweet and range in color from red to green, yellow or orange. the specific nutrients and compounds found in chili peppers can vary based on the different pepper varieties, most are rich in a range of vitamins, minerals and antioxidants. In particular, chili peppers are high in vitamin C, folate and vitamin A, along with a host of other important micronutrients.